Development of the mixed conifer forest in northern New Mexico and its relationship to Holocene environmental change     

R. Scott Anderson  Renata B. Jass  Jaime L. Toney  Craig D. Allen  Marcey Hess  Julianna Fessenden 《Quaternary Research》2008,69(2):263-275

Chihuahueños Bog (2925 m) in the Jemez Mountains of northern New Mexico contains one of the few records of late-glacial and postglacial development of the mixed conifer forest in southwestern North America. The Chihuahueños Bog record extends to over 15,000 cal yr BP. An Artemisia steppe, then an open Picea woodland grew around a small pond until ca. 11,700 cal yr BP when Pinus ponderosa became established. C/N ratios, δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values indicate both terrestrial and aquatic organic matter was incorporated into the sediment. Higher percentages of aquatic algae and elevated C/N ratios indicate higher lake levels at the opening of the Holocene, but a wetland developed subsequently as climate warmed. From ca. 8500 to 6400 cal yr BP the pond desiccated in what must have been the driest period of the Holocene there. C/N ratios declined to their lowest Holocene levels, indicating intense decomposition in the sediment. Wetter conditions returned after 6400 cal yr BP, with conversion of the site to a sedge bog as groundwater levels rose. Higher charcoal influx rates after 6400 cal yr BP probably result from greater biomass production rates. Only minor shifts in the overstory species occurred during the Holocene, suggesting that mixed conifer forest dominated throughout the record.  相似文献   

Sensitivity analysis of support safety factor for predicting the effects of contributing parameters on roof falls in underground coal mines   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

S.K. Palei  S.K. Das 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2008,75(4):241-247

Roof falls accounted for 18.18% of all fatal accidents in Indian coal mines, contributing about 35.29% of all fatal accidents in below-ground operations in 2005. The support safety factor, always preferred in support planning and design of underground coal mines, may be an important predictor for roof falls. In this paper, geotechnical data were collected from 14 roof fall incident places in an underground coal mine, located in the Eastern India, which has bord and pillar method of workings. The mean value of probabilistic support safety factor for the case study mine was found to be 1.24. However, the probability, of the estimated support safety factor of less than or equal to one, was found to be 0.246. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to analyze the effects of the contributing parameters on support safety factor and the likelihood of the roof fall. The multi-variate regression analysis was carried out for the data generated by Monte Carlo method to correlate the contributing factors to support safety factor. It ranked gallery width as the first parameter to control the support safety factor.  相似文献   

The geochemistry of gem opals as evidence of their origin     

Eloïse Gaillou  Aurlien Delaunay  Benjamin Rondeau  Martine Bouhnik-le-Coz  Emmanuel Fritsch  Guy Cornen  Christophe Monnier 《Ore Geology Reviews》2008,34(1-2):113

Seventy-seven gem opals from ten countries were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) through a dilution process, in order to establish the nature of the impurities. The results are correlated to the mode of formation and physical properties and are instrumental in establishing the geographical origin of a gem opal. The geochemistry of an opal is shown to be dependant mostly on the host rock, at least for examples from Mexico and Brazil, even if modified by weathering processes. In order of decreasing concentration, the main impurities present are Al, Ca, Fe, K, Na, and Mg (more than 500 ppm). Other noticeable elements in lesser amounts are Ba, followed by Zr, Sr, Rb, U, and Pb. For the first time, geochemistry helps to discriminate some varieties of opals. The Ba content, as well as the chondrite-normalized REE pattern, are the keys to separating sedimentary opals (Ba > 110 ppm, Eu and Ce anomalies) from volcanic opals (Ba < 110 ppm, no Eu or Ce anomaly). The Ca content, and to a lesser extent that of Mg, Al, K and Nb, helps to distinguish gem opals from different volcanic environments. The limited range of concentrations for all elements in precious (play-of-color) compared to common opals, indicates that this variety must have very specific, or more restricted, conditions of formation. We tentatively interpreted the presence of impurities in terms of crystallochemistry, even if opal is a poorly crystallized or amorphous material. The main replacement is the substitution of Si⁴⁺ by Al³⁺ and Fe³⁺. The induced charge imbalance is compensated chiefly by Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Mn²⁺, Ba²⁺, K⁺, and Na⁺. In terms of origin of color, greater concentrations of iron induce darker colors (from yellow to “chocolate brown”). This element inhibits luminescence for concentrations above 1000 ppm, whereas already a low content in U (≤ 1 ppm) induces a green luminescence.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地西峰地区长8砂岩微观非均质性的实验分析     

刘林玉  王震亮  柳益群 《岩矿测试》2008,27(1):29-32

通过真实砂岩微观模型实验,客观地分析了鄂尔多斯盆地西峰地区长8砂岩的微观非均质性特征,发现该区长8储层为致密型砂岩,直观地显示出长8砂岩储层具有很强的微观非均质性,砂岩的成岩作用和孔隙结构是影响鄂尔多斯盆地西峰地区长8砂岩储层微观非均质性的主要原因。在低渗透砂岩中,引起砂岩产生强烈的非均质性,而这些砂岩则形成长8砂岩储层的高渗带。  相似文献   

氢化物发生及其在分析检测领域的应用   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

郑大中  郑若锋  王惠萍 《岩矿测试》2008,27(1):55-59

论述了氢化物发生的条件和普遍性及其在分析检测领域的应用,这些领域包括试样分解,分离富集,容量分析、比色分析、原子荧光光谱、原子吸收光谱、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱、电感耦合等离子体质谱等分析测试技术。  相似文献   

实验条件对X射线衍射物相定量分析结果的影响   总被引：8，自引：6，他引：2  

房俊卓  张霞  徐崇福 《岩矿测试》2008,27(1):60-62

通过实验验证了多物相试样X射线衍射定量分析的基体效应,着重研究了参比强度K值、衍射强度、混合物各物相粒度、X射线管功率等实验条件对物相定量分析结果的影响。结果表明,物相定性分析是定量分析的前提,采用积分强度、使各物相颗粒尽可能细而且均匀、采用较高的X射线管功率以及适合的扫描速率均有利于提高物相X射线衍射定量分析的准确度。  相似文献   

纺织品中偶氮染料还原液内芳香胺的电喷雾电离质谱分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

吴转璋  丁健桦  赖劲虎  陈焕文 《岩矿测试》2008,27(4):250-254

在优化的条件下,用电喷雾电离质谱(ESI-MS)检测了多种纺织品中由偶氮染料还原获得的芳香胺。当毛细管温度为100℃、鞘气流速为25单位、进样流速为10μL/min、电压为5kV时,信号的总离子流强度高且较稳定。实验分析了19种致癌芳香胺标准溶液的二级质谱,获得了相应物质的特征碎片离子;在此基础上,建立了基于ESI-MS对毛巾、棉布等样品中芳香胺进行快速定性分析的方法,具有灵敏度高、特异性好、检测速度快等优点。  相似文献   

X射线衍射数据分析系统评价   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

李建欣  宋党育  张军营  郑楚光 《岩矿测试》2008,27(3):189-193

以贵州省高灰、高污染组分煤中矿物质的分析为例,应用Bruker AXS D8 Advance衍射仪测得煤中矿物相的X射线衍射图谱,分别应用数据分析系统EVA 12.0、X’Pert HighScore 2.0和MDI Jade 5.0对矿物物相组成的原始测试数据进行定性分析,通过对比分析过程和结果的差异比较了三款软件系统之间的异同和优劣。  相似文献   

流体包裹体成分测定的低温相变和显微拉曼光谱分析技术研究进展   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

葛云锦  陈勇  周瑶琪 《岩矿测试》2008,27(3):207-210

论述了包裹体低温分析技术的原理以及进展。传统的流体包裹体低温分析技术是以显微冷冻测温测定无机盐体系为主,目前已发展到应用低温原位拉曼光谱技术对包裹体中的阳离子和阴离子进行定量-半定量分析。油气包裹体原位低温分析技术也取得了较大的突破,对不同成分油气包裹体低温下的相变过程取得了一定的认识,据此对油气包裹体进行分类,推测其主要成分,为油气包裹体计算提供基础参数。  相似文献   

土壤中氟的形态分析   总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8  

桂建业  韩占涛  张向阳  刘福亮 《岩矿测试》2008,27(4):284-286

以宁夏盐池地区高氟土壤为例,采用连续提取法对土壤样品中各形态氟进行提取,离子色谱法测定各形态氟的含量。根据研究目的及土壤特点将氟的形态划分为水溶态、离子交换态、可还原态、可氧化态及残渣态5种形态;对各种形态连续提取过程中使用的提取液进行了选择。采用建立的方法获得提取土壤中F-的检出限为0.76μg/g;方法精密度(RSD,n=7)各形态氟为水溶态氟11.3%,离子交换态氟13.5%,可还原态氟10.7%,可氧化态氟8.9%。  相似文献